Lichen Planus

What Is Lichen Planus?

Lichen planus is a skin condition that happens when your immune system mistakenly attacks your skin cells. While its exact cause isn’t clear, it often shows up in adults between the ages of 30 and 60. It’s not contagious, so you can’t catch it from someone else or spread it to others.

This condition can affect different parts of the body, including:

  • Skin: Flat, purple, itchy bumps (called papules) often appear on the wrists, ankles, and lower back.

  • Mouth: White, lace-like patches or painful sores inside the cheeks or on the tongue.

  • Genitals: Painful or itchy bumps on the vulva or penis.

  • Scalp: Redness and scarring, which may cause hair loss.

  • Nails: Ridging, thinning, or even loss of nails in severe cases.

Symptoms of Lichen Planus

The skin symptoms are often described as the "four P's":

  1. Pruritic (itchy)

  2. Purple (with a violet hue)

  3. Polygonal (irregular shape)

  4. Papules or plaques (small bumps or larger raised areas)

These bumps may join together to form larger patches. Some may have fine white lines on their surface, called Wickham striae. The itchiness can range from mild to intense, and when the lesions heal, they may leave dark spots behind.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of lichen planus is unknown, but it’s believed to be an immune system issue. In some cases, it has been linked to:

  • Hepatitis C infection

  • Certain medications (like those for high blood pressure or arthritis)

  • Recent COVID-19 infections or vaccines

Stress and genetics might also play a role, although more research is needed.

How Is Lichen Planus Treated?

Most cases of lichen planus improve on their own within a year or two, but treatment can help relieve symptoms and speed up recovery.

1. Topical Treatments

  • Corticosteroid creams or ointments: These reduce inflammation and itching.

  • Antihistamines: Help control itching.

2. Oral Medications

  • Corticosteroids: Used for severe cases.

  • Antifungal medications: If there’s a secondary infection.

3. Phototherapy

  • UVB or PUVA light therapy: Uses specific wavelengths of light to calm inflammation.

4. Other Options
For stubborn or widespread cases, doctors might prescribe retinoids (a form of vitamin A) or immune-suppressing medications.

Managing and Preventing Flares

Here are a few tips to help manage lichen planus:

  • Avoid scratching: This can worsen the condition or cause new bumps.

  • Use gentle skin products: Fragrance-free and hypoallergenic options are best.

  • Moisturize regularly: Helps reduce itching and irritation.

  • See a dermatologist regularly: They can monitor your symptoms and adjust treatments if needed.

When to Call Your Doctor

If you notice new sores or patches that don’t go away, or if your current treatment isn’t helping, contact your dermatologist. They can adjust your treatment plan to help you find relief.

In Summary
Lichen planus is a treatable condition, though it can be uncomfortable. With the right care and regular check-ups, most people can manage their symptoms effectively. At Village Dermatology in Katy, our team is here to help you every step of the way!