Understanding Cutaneous Warts: Causes, Types, and Treatment Options

By Dr. Ashley Baldree

Warts are a common skin condition caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). Although they are typically harmless, they can be bothersome and sometimes painful. At Village Dermatology, we frequently encounter different types of warts, including common warts, plantar warts, and flat warts. Here’s what you need to know about these cutaneous growths and how we can help you manage them effectively.

What Causes Warts?

Warts are caused by various strains of HPV, which infect the top layer of the skin through small cuts or abrasions. The virus triggers rapid cell growth, resulting in a raised bump. While warts are generally non-cancerous, some types can be contagious and may spread through direct contact or contaminated surfaces.

Types of Cutaneous Warts

  1. Common Warts (Verruca Vulgaris)

    • Appearance: Common warts are small, grainy skin growths that often appear on the hands, fingers, and around the nails. They have a rough texture and may contain black dots, which are tiny, clotted blood vessels.

    • Common Locations: Hands, fingers, knees, and elbows.

    • Symptoms: These warts are usually painless but may become tender if located in an area prone to friction or pressure.

  2. Plantar Warts (Verruca Plantaris)

    • Appearance: Plantar warts appear on the soles of the feet and can resemble calluses. They grow inward due to the pressure from walking or standing and may have a central black dot.

    • Common Locations: Weight-bearing areas of the feet, such as the heels or balls of the feet.

    • Symptoms: Plantar warts can be painful, especially when standing or walking, as they press into the deeper layers of the skin.

  3. Flat Warts (Verruca Plana)

    • Appearance: Flat warts are smaller and smoother than other types, with a flat top. They can be slightly raised and may appear in clusters.

    • Common Locations: Face, neck, back of the hands, and legs.

    • Symptoms: While flat warts are generally painless, their location on visible areas such as the face can be a cosmetic concern.

How Are Warts Treated?

At Village Dermatology, we offer various treatment options tailored to the type, size, and location of the wart. Our goal is to remove the wart while minimizing the risk of recurrence. Here are some common treatment methods:

  1. Cryotherapy (Freezing)

    • This involves applying liquid nitrogen to freeze the wart, causing the skin cells to die and eventually fall off. It is effective for common and plantar warts but may require multiple sessions for complete removal.

  2. Topical Treatments

    • Prescription-strength salicylic acid or other topical agents can help exfoliate the wart over time. This treatment works well for flat warts and smaller common warts.

  3. Electrosurgery and Curettage

    • For stubborn warts, we may use electrosurgery (burning) followed by curettage (scraping) to remove the wart. This method is often used for larger or deep plantar warts.

  4. Laser Therapy

    • Laser treatment targets the blood vessels within the wart, cutting off its blood supply and leading to its destruction. It is effective for resistant warts and those in sensitive areas.

  5. Immunotherapy

    • This approach stimulates the body's immune system to fight off the wart. It can be helpful for warts that do not respond to other treatments.

Preventing the Spread of Warts

While it may not be possible to completely avoid warts, taking precautions can reduce the risk of spreading the virus:

  • Avoid direct contact with warts on other people or yourself.

  • Wear sandals or shower shoes in public locker rooms or swimming pools to prevent plantar warts.

  • Don’t share personal items like towels, razors, or socks that may come into contact with warts.

  • Keep warts covered with a bandage, especially if they are located on the hands or feet.

Why Choose Village Dermatology?

At Village Dermatology, we offer personalized care and a variety of treatment options for warts. Our experienced team, led by Dr. Ashley Baldree, is committed to providing effective solutions for all types of skin conditions. Whether you’re dealing with a stubborn wart or seeking cosmetic improvement, we’re here to help.

Schedule a Consultation Today

If you’re struggling with cutaneous warts, don’t wait for them to go away on their own. Schedule a consultation with Dr. Baldree at Village Dermatology to discuss the best treatment options for your needs. With proper care and attention, we can help you achieve smoother, healthier skin.

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